作者：Makoto NAKAMURA Wei LIN

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刊名：品川技报

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出版年：2012-05-01

卷：55

期：1

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语种：英文

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内容简介

Ladle shrouds and SEN are mainly constructed of alumina-graphite materials. And recently carbon-free materials are utilized for the inside liner. The CF inside liner has some superior characteristics for casting clean steels however one major challenge is thermal spalling due to high thermal expansion.